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|area_code = 539/918 |latd= 36 |latm= 07 |lats= 53 |latNS=N |longd= 95 |longm= 56 |longs= 14 |longEW=W |coordinates_display = 8 |elevation_m = 194 |elevation_ft = 722 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 40-75000 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1100962 |website = (cityoftulsa.org ) |footnotes = }} Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States. As of July 2013 the population was 398,121, an increase of 6,215 over that reported in the 2010 Census. It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 961,561 residents in the MSA and 1,131,458 in the CSA. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tulsa County )〕 with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.〔 Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname "Oil Capital of the World" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry. Once heavily dependent on the oil industry, economic downturn and subsequent diversification efforts created an economic base in the energy, finance, aviation, telecommunications and technology sectors. The Tulsa Port of Catoosa, at the head of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, is the most inland river port in the U.S. with access to international waterways.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Port of Catoosa Profile )〕 Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level, Oral Roberts University and the University of Tulsa. It is situated on the Arkansas River at the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma, a region of the state known as "Green Country". Considered the cultural and arts center of Oklahoma, Tulsa houses two world-renowned art museums, full-time professional opera and ballet companies, and one of the nation's largest concentrations of art deco architecture. The city has been called one of America's most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities, ''Forbes,'' and Relocate America. ''FDi Magazine'' in 2009 ranked the city no. 8 in the U.S. for cities of the future. In 2012, Tulsa was ranked among the top 50 best cities in the United States by ''BusinessWeek''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=America's 50 Best Cities - The Best Places to Live - Businessweek )〕 People from Tulsa are called "Tulsans". ==History== What was ultimately to become Tulsa was originally part of Indian Territory and was first settled by the Lochapoka and Creek tribes in 1836. They established a home under the Creek Council Oak Tree at the present day intersection of Cheyenne Avenue and 18th Street, and named their new settlement ''Tallasi'', meaning "old town" in the Creek language, which later became "Tulsa".〔 On January 18, 1898, Tulsa was officially incorporated and elected its first mayor, Edward Calkins. Tulsa was a small town near the banks of the Arkansas River in 1901 when its first oil well, named Sue Bland No. 1,〔 was established. By 1905, the discovery of the large Glenn Pool (located approximately 15 miles south of downtown Tulsa and site of the present-day town of Glenpool) prompted a rush of entrepreneurs to the area's growing number of oil fields; Tulsa's population swelled to over 140,000 between 1901 and 1930. By 1909, seven years after the discovery of oil in the area, Tulsa's population had sprouted to 180,000. Much of the oil was discovered on land whose mineral rights were owned by members of the Osage Nation under a system of headrights. Known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century, the city's success in the energy industry prompted construction booms in the popular Art Deco style of the time.〔 Profits from the oil industry continued through the Great Depression, helping the city's economy fare better than most in the United States during the 1930s. In the early 20th century, Tulsa was home to the "Black Wall Street", one of the most prosperous African American communities in the United States at the time. Located in the Greenwood neighborhood, it was the site of the Tulsa Race Riot, one of the nation's worst acts of racial violence and civil disorder, with whites attacking blacks.〔 Sixteen hours of rioting on May 31 and June 1, 1921, was only ended when National Guardsmen were brought in by the Governor. An official report later claimed that 23 black and 16 white citizens were killed, but other estimates suggest as many as 300 people died, most of them black.〔 Over 800 people were admitted to local hospitals with injuries, and an estimated 10,000 people were left homeless as 35 city blocks, composed of 1,256 residences, were destroyed by fire. Property damage was estimated at .〔 Efforts to obtain reparations for survivors of the violence have been unsuccessful but the city and state re-examined the events in the early 21st century, acknowledging the terrible actions that had taken place. In 1925, Tulsa businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66,"〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Father of Route 66 )〕 began his campaign to create a road linking Chicago to California by establishing the U.S. Highway 66 Association in Tulsa, earning the city the nickname the "Birthplace of Route 66".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.citydictionary.com/OK/Tulsa/Birthplace-of-Route-66/5485/ )〕 Once completed, U.S. Route 66 took an important role in Tulsa's development as the city served as a popular rest stop for travelers, who were greeted by Route 66 icons such as the Meadow Gold Sign and the Blue Whale of Catoosa. During this period, Bob Wills and his group, The Texas Playboys, began their long performing stint at a small ballroom in downtown Tulsa. In 1935, Cain's Ballroom became the base for the group,〔 which is largely credited for creating Western Swing music. The venue continued to attract famous musicians through its history, and is still in operation today.〔 For the remainder of the mid-20th century, the city had a master plan to construct parks, churches, museums, rose gardens, improved infrastructure, and increased national advertising.〔 The Spavinaw Dam, built during this era to accommodate the city's water needs, was considered one of the largest public works projects of the era.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Tulsa's History )〕 In the 1950s, ''Time magazine'' dubbed Tulsa as "America's Most Beautiful City."〔 A national recession greatly affected the city's economy in 1982, as areas of Texas and Oklahoma heavily dependent on oil suffered the freefall in gas prices due to a glut, and a mass exodus of oil industries. Tulsa, heavily dependent on the oil industry, was one of the hardest hit cities by the fall of oil prices.〔 By 1992, the state's economy had fully recovered,〔 but leaders worked to expand into sectors unrelated to oil and energy. In 2003, the "Vision 2025" program was approved by voters, to enhance and revitalize Tulsa's infrastructure and tourism industry. The keystone project of the initiative, the BOK Center, was designed to be a home for the city's minor league hockey and arena football teams, as well as a venue for major concerts and conventions. The multi-purpose arena, designed by famed architect Cesar Pelli, broke ground in 2005 and was opened on August 30, 2008.〔("Opening of BOK Center draws thousands downtown," ) ''Tulsa World'', August 30, 2008.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tulsa, Oklahoma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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